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Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples

Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples

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  • Create Date：2021-05-25 09:19:16
  • Update Date：2025-09-06
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  • Author：Linda Tuhiwai Smith
  • ISBN：1786998130
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Summary

To the colonized， the term 'research' is conflated with European colonialism; the ways in which academic research has been implicated in the throes of imperialism remains a painful memory。

This essential volume explores intersections of imperialism and research - specifically， the ways in which imperialism is embedded in disciplines of knowledge and tradition as 'regimes of truth。' Concepts such as 'discovery' and 'claiming' are discussed and an argument presented that the decolonization of research methods will help to reclaim control over indigenous ways of knowing and being。

Now in its eagerly awaited third edition， this bestselling book includes a co-written introduction features contributions from indigenous scholars on the book's continued relevance to current research。 It also features a chapter with twenty-five indigenous projects and a collection of poetry。

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Reviews

Eugene ，

Insightful for anyone involved in research and data collection。this book was a good blend of historical context， problems today， things that are improving， and things that still need to be improved。It was also relatively short and jargon-less so it stayed interesting enough for recreational reading。

Veronika Munro ，

Wow。 I learnt so much。 It took me ages to finish this book because I had to keep stopping to absorb all the mindshifts and insights。 Linda Tuhiwai Smith has revolutionised my thinking and challenged me on many levels。 I am grateful and inspired。

Patrick Massey ，

I knew literally nothing about Maori struggles for self determination before reading this book。 The topics herein were approached with so much love， care， heart， and at times （when appropriate） with humor。 This book is one that is so full of information that I’ll likely revisit it in the future。 It’s been very helpful in my understanding of ongoing colonial violence， and in describing sites of action for a decolonial future！

Maryam AlHajri ，

منذ قراءتي الأولى لهذا الكتاب وأنا لا أستطيع تجاوزه。 كتاب مهم، يبحث في سُبل تفكيك الاستعمار ونزعه عن المناهج البحثية التي تحاول مقاربة مجتمعات مابعد الاستعمار و/أو المجتمعات الأصلية。تناقش فيه الكاتبة تاريخ المقاربات البحثية للمجتمعات الأصلية، وتختصر هذه التجربة بالقول أن ”البحث كلمة قذرة” （Research is a dirty word）، واصفةً تاريخ الحقول الأكاديمية في بحث المسائل المتعلقة بالمجتمعات المهمشة: بأنها عنيفة، وعليه تقدم سميث مقاربات منهجية بديلة للباحث/ة في المسائل المتعلقة بمجتمعات الهامش/السكان الأصل منذ قراءتي الأولى لهذا الكتاب وأنا لا أستطيع تجاوزه。 كتاب مهم، يبحث في سُبل تفكيك الاستعمار ونزعه عن المناهج البحثية التي تحاول مقاربة مجتمعات مابعد الاستعمار و/أو المجتمعات الأصلية。تناقش فيه الكاتبة تاريخ المقاربات البحثية للمجتمعات الأصلية، وتختصر هذه التجربة بالقول أن ”البحث كلمة قذرة” （Research is a dirty word）، واصفةً تاريخ الحقول الأكاديمية في بحث المسائل المتعلقة بالمجتمعات المهمشة: بأنها عنيفة، وعليه تقدم سميث مقاربات منهجية بديلة للباحث/ة في المسائل المتعلقة بمجتمعات الهامش/السكان الأصليين، أقل عنفًا وتخففًا من النزعة الاستعمارية المهيمنة على الحقل والمؤسسات الأكاديمية。 。。。more

Thomas ，

Okay such an amazing and powerful book about decolonizing research that I would recommend to anyone in academia or anyone who feels interested about research， with the caveat that the book is written with an indigenous audience in mind。 Linda Tuhiwai Smith writes with firm strength and intelligence about the history of imperialism and colonization and how indigenous communities have been exploited by researchers for a long time。 She makes several well-reasoned points about the importance of actu Okay such an amazing and powerful book about decolonizing research that I would recommend to anyone in academia or anyone who feels interested about research， with the caveat that the book is written with an indigenous audience in mind。 Linda Tuhiwai Smith writes with firm strength and intelligence about the history of imperialism and colonization and how indigenous communities have been exploited by researchers for a long time。 She makes several well-reasoned points about the importance of actually giving research back to communities， as well as how the intention of the researcher doesn’t really matter when considering the impact of research on communities。 She provides hope too such as by highlighting examples of indigenous scholarship and how indigenous researchers have formed deep bonds with their communities。As someone in academia considering an academic career long-term， I definitely want to internalize this book’s messages and act on them。 From what I’ve observed and experienced， so much of academia is built on gatekeeping， ego-building （e。g。， getting pubs for the sake of lengthening one’s CV and the system rewarding that）， and competition and prestige， instead of centering actual community members。 Thank you to Tuhiwai Smith for her wisdom and for the indigenous scholars and activists contributing to this movement to center community needs。 。。。more

Marisa ，

Mandatory read for anyone considering respectful forms of collaboration with indigenous folks <3

Mania Campbell ，

Title: Decolonising methodologiesAuthor: Prof Linda Tuhiwai Smith - Ngāti Awa， Ngāti Porou🌟🌟🌟🌟📚 He arotake pukapuka - a book review📚Reading this book was rollercoaster ride。 I began reading it in 2018 and after finishing chapter one I didn’t pick it up again。 I found the academic-style very intimidating and difficult to digest。 This time round I allowed the words to flow through me like a wave， and if I came across words I didn’t fully understand， I didn’t make a big fuss。 After listening to Tin Title: Decolonising methodologiesAuthor: Prof Linda Tuhiwai Smith - Ngāti Awa， Ngāti Porou🌟🌟🌟🌟📚 He arotake pukapuka - a book review📚Reading this book was rollercoaster ride。 I began reading it in 2018 and after finishing chapter one I didn’t pick it up again。 I found the academic-style very intimidating and difficult to digest。 This time round I allowed the words to flow through me like a wave， and if I came across words I didn’t fully understand， I didn’t make a big fuss。 After listening to Tina Ngata’s review of this book， she taught me that Whaea Linda’s book is one that you must constantly refer back to， not a one-and-done type of book。 This month， there were times when I couldn’t put the book down， and also times when I couldn’t pick it up。 I appreciate how unapologetic and staunch Whaea Linda’s writing is。 She is a great orator too， I highly recommend her lectures and podcast where she talks about this book。 Only now that I’ve finished reading， I can appreciate the academic nature of the book， because Whaea Linda uses her academic tongue to hold the academy accountable， they are the target audience and she challenges those in the academic space to decolonise。 Similarly to how we compose， critique， analyse and discuss waiata， mōteatea & haka for the Marae or kapa haka spaces， this book is directed at the academic and political space。 I trust that many non-indigenous academics have felt very uncomfortable reading this book lolThis is a must-read for those who are occupying or wanting to occupy academic or research spaces， especially indigenous people who occupy these spaces。 Topics include Imperialism， History， Writing， Research through imperial eyes， colonising knowledge， developing indigenous methodologies， & kaupapa Māori Research。 My fave chapters were the last 2 chapters which were the kaupapa Māori research chapters。 They don’t call this book the indigenous-academic-bible for nothing！ I am now inspired to write a thesis in te reo Māori， maybe in the next 5yrs or so。Have you read this？ What did you think about it？ Let me know in the comments :） #Arotake #Pukapuka #BookReview #bookstagram #bookstagramnz #antiracismbookclub #antiracism #māori #maori #tereo #decolinse #decolonize #decolonisingmethodologies #lindatuhiwaismith #colonisation #racism #whitesupremacy #newzealand #nz #aotearoa 。。。more

Raido D ，

There are many aspects of this work which are very useful to any researcher working with indigenous peoples; likewise， there are many parts of the book which are very specific to the Maori peoples of New Zealand or the Australian Aboriginese。 The Maori focus is not unexpected from a Maori woman， but sometimes narrows the view - the author does， however， admit that every people is different and struggles with unique issues， necessitating an individual approach。 Overall， the book contains golden n There are many aspects of this work which are very useful to any researcher working with indigenous peoples; likewise， there are many parts of the book which are very specific to the Maori peoples of New Zealand or the Australian Aboriginese。 The Maori focus is not unexpected from a Maori woman， but sometimes narrows the view - the author does， however， admit that every people is different and struggles with unique issues， necessitating an individual approach。 Overall， the book contains golden nuggets but Smith's writing style can be dry at times; furthermore， it does not acknowledge the indigineous peoples in Europe and only sees Europe for its period of colonialist conquest （although perhaps that is the perceived reality from a Maori perspective）， despite acknowledging at some points the movements for cultural revitalisation in places like Wales or Scotland。 。。。more

Gunhild Hoogensen gjørv ，

This is an excellent introduction （and more than just an introduction so should be read no matter where one is on their learning curve） to indigenous methodologies。 In clear language the author Linda Tuhiwai Smith outlines in which ways indigenous ways of thinking （for lack of a better term - my bad） are distinctively different from white/colonial/dominant society thinking and approaches。 This permeates research of course， which is held in a stranglehold by masculinist， colonialist， racist proce This is an excellent introduction （and more than just an introduction so should be read no matter where one is on their learning curve） to indigenous methodologies。 In clear language the author Linda Tuhiwai Smith outlines in which ways indigenous ways of thinking （for lack of a better term - my bad） are distinctively different from white/colonial/dominant society thinking and approaches。 This permeates research of course， which is held in a stranglehold by masculinist， colonialist， racist processes - these processes "approve" of only select ways of doing or producing research， excluding all others as insufficient， unsatisfactory， or at times， just nonsense。 How are we ever to learn if we do not rip out heads out of that narrow tunnel that is western/colonial research practices？ There is a lot to learn here for those who are not representing indigenous backgrounds， as many of the insights of the harms of colonialism and masculinist processes have been demonstrated （often by feminist thinkers） to be harmful both indigenous and non-indigenous populations。 Opening up to other paths can be beneficial for all research。 。。。more

Ann ，

Decolonizing Mythologies brings forth the history， experience， and concerns of indigenous peoples with respect to research methodologies。 The book is framed by an introduction and is divided into two parts: the first， five chapters present the issues of colonization and how these attitudes pervade research especially through Enlightenment and Positivist values; the following five chapters present ways that address this focus in and in effect， decolonize， research methods。 Smith draws together di Decolonizing Mythologies brings forth the history， experience， and concerns of indigenous peoples with respect to research methodologies。 The book is framed by an introduction and is divided into two parts: the first， five chapters present the issues of colonization and how these attitudes pervade research especially through Enlightenment and Positivist values; the following five chapters present ways that address this focus in and in effect， decolonize， research methods。 Smith draws together different aspects of the process of colonization historically and clearly connects how these attitudes continue to pervade， even if subtly， many well-established and respected methodologies， including those in science。 Although Smith focuses on the experience of the Maori， she includes other groups and her critique， analysis， and suggestions are easily applied to other situation of colonization。 The book concludes with a brief reflection on her personal journey and an index。I found the book engaging and insightful。 Most everyone would profit from reading and considering this book， whether one is a researcher or not。 。。。more

Julie ，

The book is utterly transformative and essential for practioners of "research methodologies" of all kinds。 The book is utterly transformative and essential for practioners of "research methodologies" of all kinds。 。。。more

Kaz ，

First published in 1991， it become a classic in indigenous studies。 I'm reading the second edition and it's already one of my favorite so far among 2020 books that I read。 First published in 1991， it become a classic in indigenous studies。 I'm reading the second edition and it's already one of my favorite so far among 2020 books that I read。 。。。more

Hannah Blair ，

Excellent resource， I only wish Tuhiwai Smith had given the reader a more formulated idea of just what western forms of thought are in this context （or in general）。 I know this is more of an epistemological issue， but it is also necessary to have some broad idea of what western thought and it's framework entail is when attempting to dismantle them。 Excellent resource， I only wish Tuhiwai Smith had given the reader a more formulated idea of just what western forms of thought are in this context （or in general）。 I know this is more of an epistemological issue， but it is also necessary to have some broad idea of what western thought and it's framework entail is when attempting to dismantle them。 。。。more

ᎪᎳᏄ Ian ，

Great text

Preethi Krishnan ，

"The whole process of colonization can be viewed as a stripping away of mana （our standing in our own eyes）， and an undermining of rangatiratanga （our ability and right to determine our destinies）。 Research is an important part of the colonization process because it is concernedwith defining legitimate knowledge。" "Research methodology is based on the skill of matching the problem with an 'appropriate' set of investigative strategies。 It is concerned with ensuring that information is accessed in "The whole process of colonization can be viewed as a stripping away of mana （our standing in our own eyes）， and an undermining of rangatiratanga （our ability and right to determine our destinies）。 Research is an important part of the colonization process because it is concernedwith defining legitimate knowledge。" "Research methodology is based on the skill of matching the problem with an 'appropriate' set of investigative strategies。 It is concerned with ensuring that information is accessed in such a way as to guarantee validity and reliability。 This requires having a theoretical understanding， either explicitly or implicitly， of the world， the problem， and the method。 When studying how to go about doing research， it is very easy to overlook the realm of common sense， the basic beliefs that not only help people identify research problems that are relevant and worthy， but also accompany them throughout the research process。 Researchers must go further than simply recognizing personal beliefs and assumptions， and the effect they have when interacting with people。 In a cross-cultural context， the questions that need to be asked are ones such as: Who defined the research problem？For whom is this study worthy and relevant？ Who says so？What knowledge will the community gain from this study？What knowledge will the researcher · from this study？What are some likely positive outcomes from this study？What are some possible negative outcomes？How can the negative outcomes be eliminated？To whom is the researcher accountable？What processes are in place to support the research， the researched and the researcher？ It's not often that a book on research methodologies feels this enriching to the soul。 It is not often that you read an unapologetic call for research to be beneficial to the oppressed。 Especially given how research has been the tool that legitimized imperialism and colonialism。 Highly recommended。 。。。more

Oatmilk Lover ，

Humbling， illuminating， important。 Although the context of the book is set in New Zealand's indigenous peoples， the Maori， it nevertheless provides us a useful precept in going about indigenous research in general。 But most importantly， it's a great insight into the heart of the Maori， their culture， their values， their struggles， and their collective actions against oppression in the past and in more recent times。 Smith is very bold and assertive; hers is a voice that is very persuasive and log Humbling， illuminating， important。 Although the context of the book is set in New Zealand's indigenous peoples， the Maori， it nevertheless provides us a useful precept in going about indigenous research in general。 But most importantly， it's a great insight into the heart of the Maori， their culture， their values， their struggles， and their collective actions against oppression in the past and in more recent times。 Smith is very bold and assertive; hers is a voice that is very persuasive and logical。 This book is relevant and should be read by every one， not just by researchers and activists， but also artists， educators， social workers， social scientists， etc。 and even those who are outside fields related to indigenous peoples。 It's important to know how we can contribute in our own small ways in helping people at the margins of society。 。。。more

Linda ，

Excellent book on research。 A bit repetitive in places， but otherwise a good read。

Linh Cee ，

Must read for anyone in research。

Audrey Saltarelli ，

A fundamental text

Jennifer ，

Highly recommend for individuals interested in servicing tribal/indigenous communities with the intent of support these culturally diverse communities。

Mun ，

Wonderful book， I came to think of it as my personal Bible。 This book focuses on the research methodologies of indigenous peoples， and as an indigenous researcher I found it extremely rich and fulfilling。 Smith's style is witty， interesting， and wholesome。 Wonderful book， I came to think of it as my personal Bible。 This book focuses on the research methodologies of indigenous peoples， and as an indigenous researcher I found it extremely rich and fulfilling。 Smith's style is witty， interesting， and wholesome。 。。。more

Stacy ，

Very eye-opening， and forced a lot of introspection。

Jeanie Phillips ，

Completely paradigm-shifting， I will return to this book again and again。

Guin Blue ，

Such a great book。 Has definitely left a lasting impact on on me as a historian-in-training and a Black woman。

Emily Anderson ，

Instrumental literature for thinking about the way I conduct research and exist as a white person/academic in the world。

Joe ，

This was a forward thinking book at the time， and still has plenty to offer those looking for assistance in determining their methodology， but overall， not my favourite topic。

Kira ，

I ABSOLUTELY LOVE THIS BOOK。 This is one of those books that reframes your understanding of something so basic and dives into the complexity and opens up possibilities。 I feel this should be recommended reading for every academic。 Not only has it made personal references but also made connections between oft ignored interconnected global systems。 Questions thinking and reshapes our understanding。

hami ，

Linda Tuhiwai Smith’s decolonial methodology is centered around the politics of sovereignty and self-determination for indigenous peoples。 She mentions that for indigenous peoples it is important to resist “being thrown in” with every other minority group by making claims based on prior rights。Walter Mignolo included this book in his graduate seminar。 For Mignolo， it is always revealing to see in the discussion who is feeling empowered by the book and who is feeling threatened and bothered。 Writ Linda Tuhiwai Smith’s decolonial methodology is centered around the politics of sovereignty and self-determination for indigenous peoples。 She mentions that for indigenous peoples it is important to resist “being thrown in” with every other minority group by making claims based on prior rights。Walter Mignolo included this book in his graduate seminar。 For Mignolo， it is always revealing to see in the discussion who is feeling empowered by the book and who is feeling threatened and bothered。 Writers such as Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o， Edward Said， Fanon， Trinh T。 Minh-ha， and Foucault have shaped Smith’s theoretical approach to research。 Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz and Glen Sean Coulthard are among other researchers and activists who have been influenced by this iconic book。Similar to other postcolonial writers， Smith’s work is also preoccupied with the question of knowledge （epistemology） and power。 Her Maori perspective makes these questions much more complicated and challenging。 She reminds us that indigenous peoples have been， in many ways， ”oppressed by theory”。 The scientific （or pseudoscientific） research of the colonizers puts them in a peculiar position in relation to the indigenous peoples。 The anthropological studies conducted on indigenous peoples have been not only contradictory to their cultural knowledge， but it has also been quite violent。 The Western research methods and their long-term damages are still fresh in indigenous peoples’ consciousness。 Therefore， Western notions of ”writing history” and conducting scientific research have been very much against the indigenous livelihood and knowledge。 She writes on the notion of history and modernity: ”It is because of this relationship with power that we have been excluded， marginalized and ‘Othered’。 In this sense， history is not important for indigenous peoples because a thousand accounts of the ‘truth’ will not alter the ‘fact’ that indigenous peoples are still marginal and do not possess the power to transform history into justice。” She continues by asking; ”Why then has revisiting history been a significant part of decolonization？’ The answer， I suggest， lies in the intersection of indigenous approaches to the past， of the modernist history project itself and of the resistance strategies which have been employed。 Our colonial experience traps us in the project of modernity。 There can be no ‘postmodern’ for us until we have settled some business of the modern。 This does not mean that we do not understand or employ multiple discourses， or act in incredibly contradictory ways， or exercise power ourselves in multiple ways。 It means that there is unfinished business， that we are still being colonized （and know it）， and that we are still searching for justice。 Even today， 20 years after the publication of the book， we see the same issues in the literature and research conducted “on” indigenous culture， history and peoples。 For example， you can read any random article or essay on colonialization and find the difference in tone and positionality。 Take， for example， “smallpox” as a biological weapon during the indigenous genocide in North America。 When we read the History Chanel， the usually white writer’s position towards this issue is easily detectable compared with indigenous activists or researchers writing on the same topic。 The outsider researcher is arguing about the effectiveness of government programs in fighting the natives during the 18th Century。 The insider researcher， for example， Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz and her book: An Indigenous Peoples’ History of the United States is choosing to talk about the first occurrence of smallpox in 1620 by the English trade ships。 A simple comparison between these two modes of historiography and research can help us a lot to understand the decolonizing methodology。 Dunbar-Ortiz gives us a context in which a huge amount of native lives was lost due to English trading ships off the coast to the Pequot。 King James attributed the epidemic to God’s “great goodness and bounty toward us。” “In each place， after figures such as Columbus and Cook had long departed， there came a vast array of military personnel， imperial administrators， priests， explorers， missionaries， colonial officials， artists， entrepreneurs and settlers， who cut a devastating swathe， and left a permanent wound， on the societies and communities who occupied the lands named and claimed under imperialism 。”The critique of Western history argues that history is a modernist project which has developed alongside imperial beliefs about the Other。 Implicit in the notion of development is the notion of progress。 This assumes that societies move forward in stages of development much as an infant grows into a fully developed adult human being。 The earliest phase of human development is regarded as primitive， simple and emotional。 As societies develop they become less primitive， more civilized， more rational， and their social structures become more complex and bureaucratic。 In a recently published series of essays edited by Jo-Ann Archibald Q’um Q’um Xiiem， “Decolonizing Research: Indigenous Storywork As Methodology”， the editors have collected insider research focusing on what Archibald called Indigenous Storywork。 The term highlight multiple ways in which indigenous peoples using storytelling as a method of documenting generational events， form of teaching and learning， and as an expression of indigenous culture and identity。Indigenous knowledge didn’t consider as ‘real knowledge’ by colonizers。 This struggle continues today both inside the academy as well as in real life outside the walls of the institution。 If you are one of those students in liberal universities in the West， you are probably familiar with at least one of liberal positives （progressive） theories of the enlightenment project。 Take for example the neo-colonial liberal theories of Steven Pinker。 Aside from the recent news about Pinker’s involvement with Jeffrey Epstein even after his sex trafficking conviction， Pinker has been an advocate of Western scientific progress and return to concepts such as human nature and enlightenment。 （5） In his recent book， Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason， Science， Humanism， and Progress， we can basically replace the word Human with Westerners or white men in order to be accurate。 His binary theories completely dismiss the fact that European progress was based on the genocide， slavery， and suffering of millions of colonial subjects， which to a lesser degree still continues today。 For many indigenous peoples today， the word “research” basically means “being a problem”。 Literacy， as one example， was used as a criterion for assessing the development of a society and its progress to a stage where history can be said to begin。 Even places such as India， China and Japan， however， which were very literate cultures prior to their ‘discovery’ by the West， were invoked through other categories which defined them as uncivilized。 Their literacy， in other words， did not count as a record of legitimate knowledge。 We are all familiar with the Western origin of Humanism， manifest destiny， age of reason and doctrine of discovery。 There is a direct connection between these concepts and the simultaneous exploitation of the people and the production of concepts such as racism， nation-state， and the Orient。 Both Christianity and Western science played a vital role in this framework and indigenous peoples were left with either extermination or assimilation。 The Europeans privatized the land that indigenous peoples once owned。 The colonization was accompanied with ideological drive to paint the commoners who resisted as violent， stupid and lazy。Western-Centered ‘Collaborative Research’ We did not practice the ‘arts’ of civilization。 By lacking such virtues， we disqualified ourselves， not just from civilization but from humanity itself。What researchers may call methodology， for example， Maori researchers in New Zealand call Kaupapa Maori research or Maori-centred research。 This form of naming is about bringing to the centre and privileging indigenous values， attitudes and practices rather than disguising them within Westernized labels such as ‘collaborative research’。 Smith often mentions that writing research is more important than writing theory。 Research produces results that are more immediate and useful for farmers， economists， industries and sick people。 （1） From Kant to Badiou， white theoreticians have been utilizing Western anthropological material as fuel for their theories。 There is a lot of fancy vocabulary that generates things such as “collaborative research”， or “research with the aim of reconciliation”。 In reality， these methodologies are NOT beneficial for the indigenous peoples。 However， they continue to be used because they are well-known and they generate a lot of scholarship and capital for white state-ideal subjects。At the same time research historically has not been neutral in its objectification of the Other。 Smith reminds us that from indigenous perspective objectivation of research is also a process of dehumanization。 She identifies the contributions of second-wave feminism more beneficial to the indigenous cause compared to the Marxist methodologies introduced in the first half of the twentieth century。 The reason for this distinction is the challenges that feminism has introduced to the presumably neutral position of Western philosophy， academic practice and research。Decolonize This Place Rather than see ourselves as existing in the margins as minorities， resistance initiatives have assumed that Aotearoa， New Zealand is ‘our place’， all of it， and that there is little difference， except in the mind， between， for example， a Te Kohanga Reo where Maori are the majority but the state is there， and a university， where Maori are the minority and the state is there。 The latter part of the book tracks the transition from Maori as the ”researched” to Maori as the ”researcher”。 Smith acknowledges that the academic institutions’ eco-system is toxic for non-white folks。 Crystal Fraser， a Gwichyà Gwich'in Ph。D。 student at the University of Alberta， among many other indigenous peoples agrees。 Fraser， belives that Western Academic institutions are not made for indigenous peoples and there are numerous barriers on the way。 Regarding research， Smith uses the term ”insider” research to highlight the work conducted by indigenous community members who are part of the culture and understand the aim of the research as self-determination。 Similar to Said， she is skeptical about the role of Western ”experts” especially in relation to imperialism and power relations。 While indigenous voices have been silenced for many decades by Western researchers， the role of the insider researcher is very important。 Addressing the indigenous communities， Smith writes that many of the issues in indigenous communities are in fact internalized stress factors that are not voiced。 Therefore， insider research must be ethical， respectful and reflexive。 It also needs to be humble， because the researcher belongs to the same community but with a different set of roles， relationships， status， and position。On a more personal note， I want to briefly review the state-funded higher education that I received in the United States and Finland。 They are both white-majority countries， yet they might seem far apart in every sense。 In both of my art schools， there was an obvious gap in terms of understanding of indigenous subjects and worldviews， as well as an absence of curriculum on postcolonial topics。 There were no Indigenous students， staff， and teachers at either school which I study for over 6 years。There are many contemporary examples that show the intersectionality of migrant struggle with the indigenous struggle over self-determination and sovereignty。 A perfect example of this solidarity is the Numerus Haka dances in honor of the victims of the white-terror attacks in Christchurch。insideanairport*** 。。。more

Enoo ，

Love love love。Super important read for anyone wanting to do work or research within Indigenous communities。 The first half is more or less for those less familiar with Indigenous issues， then the second half is more tailored to the Indigenous readers and direction for actions。 It's not a comfortable read for Western settlers， and I think that's important。 It's meant to help settler grow and reflect on their position in Indigenous related research。It's also important for Indigenous researchers。 Love love love。Super important read for anyone wanting to do work or research within Indigenous communities。 The first half is more or less for those less familiar with Indigenous issues， then the second half is more tailored to the Indigenous readers and direction for actions。 It's not a comfortable read for Western settlers， and I think that's important。 It's meant to help settler grow and reflect on their position in Indigenous related research。It's also important for Indigenous researchers。 Lots of self-reflection and helped me take myself more critically。 。。。more

Madelyn Neal ，

"As indigenous peoples we have our own research needs and priorities。 Our questions are important。" "As indigenous peoples we have our own research needs and priorities。 Our questions are important。" 。。。more

Reference

google book https://www.google.com/search?tbm=bks&q=Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples

hathitrust digital library https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/ls?q1=Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples&field1=ocr&a=srchls&ft=ft&lmt=ft

The British Library https://bll01.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?query=any,contains,Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples&tab=LibraryCatalog&search_scope=Not_BL_Suppress&vid=44BL_INST:BLL01&lang=en&offset=0